A Global History of Architecture 3rd Edition

A GLOBAL HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE NOW FEATURING ADDITIONAL COVERAGE OF CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE AND MORE SUPERB DRAWINGS BY FRANCIS D.K. CHING! The book that forever changed the way architectural history is viewed, taught, and studied, A Global History of Architecture examines 5,000 years of the built environment. Spanning from 3,500 BCE to the present, and organized along a global timeline, this unique guide was written by experts in their fields who emphasize the connections, contrasts, and influences of architectural movements throughout history and around the world. Fully updated and revised to reflect current scholarship, this Third Edition features expanded chapter introductions that set the stage for a global view, as well as: An expanded section on contemporary global architecture More coverage of non-Western cultures, particularly South Asia, South East Asia Pre-Columbian America, and Africa. New drawings and maps by the iconic Francis D.K. Ching, as well as more stunning photographs An updated companion website with digital learning tools and Google Earth™ mapping service coordinates that make it easier to find sites Art and architecture enthusiasts, and anyone interested in architectural history, will have 5,000 years of the built environment perpetually at their fingertips with A Global History of Architecture, Third Edition.   ABOUT THE AUTHOR FRANCIS D.K. CHING is Professor Emeritus of Architecture at the University of Washington. He is the author of numerous architecture and design books, including Architectural Graphics; Architecture: Form, Space, and Order; A Visual Dictionary of Architecture; Interior Design Illustrated; and Building Construction Illustrated, all from Wiley. MARK JARZOMBEK is Professor of the History and Theory of Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as author of several books. VIKRAMADITYA PRAKASH is Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington and the author of several books and academic publications. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xi 3500 BCE 1 Ritual Centers 6 Beginnings of China’s Civilizations 8 Mehrgarh and Early Indus Settlements 11 The Village Networks of Mesopotamia and the Balkans 12 Pre- and Early Dynastic Egypt 19 European Developments 21 2500 BCE 25 The Indus Ghaggar-Hakra Civilization 30 Margiana 33 Early Empires of Mesopotamia 34 Egypt: The Old Kingdom 38 Architecture and Food 45 Stonehenge 46 Megalithic Temples of Malta 48 The First Civilizations of South America 50 1500 BCE 53 The Minoans and Knossos 60 Egypt: The New Kingdom 64 Hittite Empire 75 Mycenaean Civilization 77 Poverty Point 80 Shang Dynasty, China 81 Civilization of the High Andes 84 800 BCE 87 The Olmecs 90 Chavín de Huántar 94 The Iron Age 96 The Etruscans 97 Greece: The Geometric Period 101 Kingdom of Kush 105 Saba/Sa’abia 106 Temple of Solomon 107 Zhou Dynasty, China 108 The Aryan Invasion and Varanasi 111 Neo-Assyrian Empire 113 400 BCE 117 The Achaemenid Empire 120 Greece and the Mediterranean 124 The Hellenistic Age 141 Mauryan Dynasty and Early Buddhism 148 China: The Warring States Period 150 0 153 The Founding of Rome 158 Bibracte 164 Augustan Rome 166 Post-Augustan Rome 170 Rock-Cut Tombs 177 Northern Palace at Masada 180 Taxila: The Gandharan Cosmopolis 181 Qin Dynasty, China 182 Development of Mahayana Buddhism 185 The Maya 191 200 CE 197 Roman Empire 202 The Parthian Empire 220 Aksum 220 Amaravati Stupa 222 Caitya Hall at Karli223 Anuradhapura 224 Han Dynasty China 225 Teotihuacán 228 Moche and Nazca Civilizations 231 North Amazon Societies 234 Ohio’s Hopewell Mounds 235 400 CE 237 Ajanta Caves 244 Establishment of Chinese and Central Asian Buddhism 247 The Sassanian Empire 251 Hindu Renaissance 254 Mahabodhi Temple 256 Sigiriya 257 The Pyu, Mon, and Funan 258 Emergence of Christianity 259 Post-Constantinian Age 264 Tomb of Theodoric the Great 265 Kofun Period: Japan 266 Zapotecs of Oaxaca 268 600 CE 271 Age of Justinian 278 Armenian Architecture 284 Vishnu Deogarh and Elephanta 286 The Five Rathas 289 Southeast Asia 291 Sui and T’ang Dynasties 293 Nara Period: Japan 297 800 CE 303 Rise of Islam 312 Mahaviharas at Nalanda 319 Rajasimhesvara and Virupaksha Temples 320 Kailasnath at Ellora 322 Samye, Tibet 324 Indonesia at a Crossroads 325 Hindu Kingdoms of Cambodia 328 Korean Buddhism 331 Foguang Monastery 332 Europe and the Carolingians 334 Tikal 338 Mayan City-States 341 Tiwanaku 344 Quirigua 346 Guayabo 346 1000 CE 347 Mayan Uxmal 356 Cahokia 358 Serpent Mound 359 Pueblo Bonito 360 Seljuk Turks 362 Muqarnas 367 The Fatimids 368 Rise of the Rajput Kingdoms 370 Cholamandalam 382 Polonnaruwa 384 Song Dynasty China 386 Liao Dynasty 388 Pure Land Buddhism 391 Byzantine Revival 392 Ottonian Germany 396 The Normans 399 Pilgrimage Churches 403 Tuscany 404 1200 CE 407 Vrah Vishnulok (Angkor Wat) 416 Kingdom of Pagan 420 Sanju-sangen-do 422 Itsukushima Shrine 423 Southern Song Dynasty 424 Mongol Empire 426 Delhi 428 Africa 431 Fontenay Abbey 438 Medieval Scandinavia 440 Europe: The High Middle Ages 441 Nasrid Sultanate and the Alhambra 449 Toltec Empire 452 Chichén Itzá 452 1400 CE 455 The Americas 460 Republic of Venice 469 Ottoman Empire 470 Italian Renaissance 474 French Châteaux 482 Mamluk Sultanate 484 Timurid Dynasty 486 Deccan Sultanates 488 Ming Dynasty China 491 Joseon Dynasty 496 Muromachi Japan 497 Ayutthaya 500 1600 CE 501 Architecture of the Eurasian Power Bloc 501 Tokugawa Shogunate 504 Ming Tombs 512 Potala Palace 516 Voyages of Zheng He 519 Mughals 520 Vijaynagara 527 Bijapur 529 Isfahan 530 Suleymaniye Complex 533 Kremlin’s New Churches 535 Dogon of Mali 537 Palladio 539 Baroque Italy 542 Spanish Invasion of America 552 Atrios 553 Colonial Forts 554 Amsterdam 556 Place Royale 558 Elizabethan England 559 Church of Santo Domingo 561 Ryoanji 562 1700 CE 563 Colonialism 568 The Louvre and the Hôtel 573 Château de Versailles 576 St. Petersburg 578 Rationalization and the Age of Reason 580 Johann Balthasar Neumann and the New Neresheim 582 China and the European Enlightenment 584 Qing Beijing 588 Joseon Dynasty of Korea 591 Mallas of Nepal 592 Kyoto’s Odoi and Shimabara 593 Edo (Tokyo) 594 Nayaks of Madurai 596 Jaipur 597 Nurosmaniye Mosque, Istanbul 598 The Anglican Church 599 Whigs and the Palladian Revival 602 1800 CE 605 Tash-Khovli 610 Jaipur and the End of the Mughal Empire 611 Darbar Sahib 613 Wat Pra Kaew 614 Neoclassicim vs. Romanticism 616 Washington, DC 627 Nationalism 629 Colonial Calcutta:The Esplanade 632 Greek Revival 634 Industrial Revolution 637 Shakers 641 August Welby Pugin and the English Parliament Building 642 Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-Le-Duc 644 Architectural Preservation 645 Bibliothèque Ste.-Geneviève 646 Kanamaru-za 648 Qianlong’s Universal Vision 650 Synagogues 654 1900 CE 657 Public Sector Architecture 662 Railroad Stations 665 The Athenaeum 666 National Museums 667 World’s Fairs 668 Global Arts and Crafts Movement 669 Central Park 674 Paris and Haussmann 675 The Passage 677 École des Beaux-Arts 678 Chettinad Mansions 680 Colonial Modernism 681 Henry Hobson Richardson 682 The Global Bungalow 684 Shingle Style 684 Campus Architecture in the United States 686 Art Nouveau’s Maison Tassel 687 Rise of Professionalism 688 International City Beautiful Plans 688 The Garden City Movement 691 International Beaux-Arts 692 Skyscrapers 693 Casa Batlló 695 Frank Lloyd Wright 697 African Land Grab 699 Kyoto National Museum 700 Myongdong Cathedral 700 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Building 700 Concrete 701 Adolf Loos 703 The Factory Aesthetic 704 Deutsche Werkbund 705 German Concrete 706 Expressionism 707 New Delhi 710 Mombasa 711 Asplund and Lewerentz 712 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Mayan Revival Style 713 Dutch Kampung 714 De Stijl Movement 715 Friedrichstrasse Office Building 716 Russian Constructivism 717 The Bauhaus 720 Le Corbusier and Vers une Architecture 722 Lovell House 724 1950 CE 725 Modernism 726 Postmodernism 780 Magney House 786 Globalization Today 787 Glossary 801 Bibliography 811 Illustration Credits 821 Index 825