TP77-13 Sidestream Softening as a Means...Reed, Klen & Johnson

The use of water as a heat transfer medium has historically been practiced in a wide variety of industrial applications. In the past, the relative ease with which large amounts of good quality water could be obtained favored the installation and general acceptance of "once-through" cooling water designs. The enactment of strict water pollution control legislation, along with a shortage of water for cooling purposes in many geographic areas, has prompted the installation of open recirculating cooling tower systems to serve the cooling needs of steam: electric utilities and industry.