Red Cross Lifeguard Test Answers 2023/2024 FREE

Red Cross Lifeguard Test Answers 2023/2024 | Comprehensive Guide Red Cross Lifeguard Test Answers 2023/2024 Understanding the Purpose of the Lifeguard Test The American Red Cross Lifeguard Test is designed to ensure lifeguards are fully equipped to handle a variety of emergency situations, whether in a pool or open water settings. A deep understanding of these principles is absolutely vital for the safety of those you’ll be supervising as a lifeguard. Our Goal: Mastery and Safety It’s crucial to clarify that this guide is not a cheat sheet or a shortcut to passing the test. Our primary aim is to promote understanding and mastery of the necessary knowledge and skills rather than just providing direct answers. Key Topics Covered Emergency response techniques CPR and First Aid essentials Rescue procedures for various scenarios Water safety protocols Why Mastery Matters The safety of those under your care as a lifeguard depends on your ability to react effectively and knowledgeably in critical moments. The Red Cross test ensures you are well-prepared for such responsibilities. As the only lifeguard performing CPR on a & year old child, you would perform cycles of: 30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations Which of the following would you identify as the universal sign that a conscious person is choking? Clutching the throat The patron asks, “Should we move them to the first aid room?” What should you do next? Tell the patron the victim should not be moved since there is no immediate danger. How can you best protect yourself from possible bloodborne pathogen transmission when providing care? Use protective equipment, such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier, when providing care. A patron has slurred speech, is unable to lift their right arm level with their left arm and is unable to smile without one side of their face drooping. These are symptoms of: Stroke You are walking on the pool deck when the swim team coach suddenly collapses in front of you. During your primary assessment, you find that the victim doesn’t have a pulse. You should: Immediately begin CPR using cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations. Which of the following is most essential to use when giving ventilations to protect you and the victim from disease transmission? resuscitation masks You are giving ventilations to a 5 year old child using a resuscitation mask. You should give 1 ventilation about every: 3 seconds You are providing care to an adult who is unresponsive and not breathing as a result of a drowning. You give your first ventilation before performing CPR and notice that the chest doesn’t rise. Which of the following should you do next? Re-tilt the victim’s head and then attempt another ventilation. A patron seems to be having a diabetic emergency. You should: Give them a glucose tablets. Wile preparing to use an AED on a victim, you notice a medication patch on the victim’s chest. Which action is appropriate? Removing the patch with a gloved hand. Which of the following statements about BVMs is most accurate? Ventilations are more effective when 2 rescuers operate the BVM. …complete a primary assessment and find that the victim has a pulse but is not breathing. Which of the following should you do next? give ventilations at a rate of 1 about every 5-6 seconds You and another lifeguard are preparing for CPR on an adult who collapsed in the locker room. You determine that there is no breathing or pulse and state, “Victim has no pulse. Begin CPR.” Which of the following should the other lifeguard do next? begin chest compressions A patron has cut their leg on the edge of the bleachers and is bleeding heavily. You think the patron is in shock because they: Become reckless and irritable. A person has been injured and is responsive. You obtain consent to check the victim for life threatening conditions. What life-threatening conditions would require you to immediately summon EMS personnel? persistent chest pain You determine that a victim is unresponsive but breathing. While waiting with the victim for EMS personnel, you would position the victim: in a recovery position An AED indicates that “no shock is advised”. Which of the following is most appropriate to do next ? Perform CPR for about 2 minutes. If a victim is having a seizure in the water: Support the victim with their head above water until the seizure ends. You arrive on a scene where someone seems to be hurt. During the primary assessment, you should check for all of the following EXCEPT: swelling When using an AED, which of the following should you do immediately after attaching the AED pads to the victim’s chest? Tell everyone to stand clear. Which of the following should you do first when approaching the scene of an emergency? Size-up the scene while forming an initial impression. You are providing care to a conscious infant who is choking. When giving chest thrusts, which of the following would you see? 2 or 3 fingers During a primary assessment, which of the following should you check first? Responsiveness You are performing CPR on a victim and an assisting responder arrives. Which of the following is most appropriate for the assisting responder to do first? Check to see whether EMS personnel have been called. When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult who is chocking, where should you position your fist? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel. Your initial impression reveals severe life threatening bleeding in an adult victim who appears to be unresponsive. YOur next step should be: Control the bleeding with any available resources. An injured patron is responsive and bleeding. After summoning EMS personnel, obtaining consent and putting on disposable gloves, what is your next care step? Press firmly against the wound w/ a sterile dressing and bamdage. Let the wound bleed until it stops on its own. check for responsiveness. What is the 1 step your should take in caring for a victim with burns? Remove the victim from the source of the burn. You are providing care to a patron who started chocking on some food. The victim becomes unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first? Lower the victim to the ground and begin CPR starting w/ chest compressions. AS you are giving ventilations with a resuscitation mask, the victim vomits. Which of the following would you do first? Turn the victim onto their side and clear the airway of the vomit immediately. Based on which of the following signs and symptoms would you determine that a victim is experiencing respiratory distress? Gasping for breath A way to remember the questions to ask when taking a brief history is to use the acronym SAMPLE. What does the S in SAMPLE stand for? signs and symptoms Which of the following statements about performing CPR w/ 2 or more rescuers is true? To redue rescuer fatigue, rescuers should switch positions about every 2 minutes or when the AED is analyzing. You and a fellow lifeguard are giving ventilations using a BVM. You position the mask over the victims’s mouth and nose. What should the other lifeguard do? Squeeze the bag with both hands. To ensure high- quality CPR and high- quality chest compressions, you should: Expose the victim’s chest to ensure proper hand placement and full chest recoil. Which of the following finding would lead you to determine that an infant’s airway is open and not obstructed? The infant is crying uncontrollably. When giving chest compressions to an adult, how would you position your hands? Heel of one hand on the center of the chest with the other hand on top A 12 yr old child at a swim meet grabs their chest and begins to make wheezing noises. After you obtain consent to provide care, the child’s parent informs you that the child has a history of asthma, but doesn;t have an inhaler nearby. What care should you provide? Summon more advanced medical personnel and place the victim into a position that helps breathing. How can you best protect yourself from possiblebloodborne pathogen transmission whenproviding care? Use personal protective equipment (PPE),such as disposable gloves and a breathingbarrier, when providing care. A 12-year-old boy at a swim meet grabs his chestand begins to make wheezing noises. After youobtain consent to provide care, his mother informsyou that he has a history of asthma, but does nothave his inhaler nearby. What care shouldyou provide? Summon more advanced medical personneland place the victim into a position that While having a snack in the concession area, achild suddenly clutches his throat with both hands.You ask him if he is choking and he frantically nodsyes. You activate your facility’s emergency actionplan (EAP). You identify yourself as a lifeguard andobtain consent from the parents. What should youdo next? Stand or kneel behind the victim and give5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts. You and another lifeguard find an unconsciousadult on the floor in the locker room. You activateyour facility’s EAP, size-up the scene and performa primary assessment. You find the victim is notmoving or breathing, but has a pulse. You shouldsummon EMS personnel, then: Give 1 rescue breath about every 5 seconds. You come upon a scene where a patron appears tobe injured. Before approaching the victim, which ofthe following will you not do as you size-upthe scene? Begin the primary assessment. When providing care during an emergency, whichof the following should you do first? Size-up the scene. As the first lifeguard on the scene, you areperforming CPR on an adult. When performingchest compressions, how deeply should youcompress the chest? At least 2 inches CPR should be performed on which of thefollowing victims? One who is in cardiac arrest What is the first step of the Cardiac Chainof Survival? Early recognition and access to the emergency medical services (EMS) system You are providing care to a victim having a heartattack. Which of the following would you do first? Summon EMS personnel. Once you have turned on the automated external defibrillator (AED), you should: Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyzethe heart rhythm. To ensure effective chest compressions duringCPR, which of the following is most appropriate? Allowing the chest to fully recoilbetween compressions You are performing CPR on a victim and a secondlifeguard arrives. Which of the following is mostappropriate for the second lifeguard to do first? Check to see whether EMS personnel havebeen called. Which of the following is most essential to usewhen giving ventilations to protect you and thevictim from disease transmission? CPR breathing barriers You are providing care to a facility maintenanceworker who has fallen off the top of a ladder. Thevictim is conscious. Which of the following shouldyou do first? Obtain consent from the victim toprovide care. For which of the following should you summonEMS personnel? A victim with an open leg wound with thebone protruding You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find that the victim has a pulse. What should you do next? Give 2 initial ventilations. If there is a risk of the AED pads touching eachother, such as with a small child or an infant, you should: Place one pad in the middle of the chest andthe other on the back. You have sized up the scene and determinedthe scene is safe. When performing a primaryassessment, which of the following would youdo next? Check for responsiveness Which of the following statements aboutbag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs) ismost accurate? Two rescuers need to operate the BVM. You are preparing to give ventilations to a5-year-old boy using a resuscitation mask. Youshould give 1 ventilation about every: 3 seconds When compressing a child’s chest during CPR, youshould compress at a rate of at least how manycompressions per minute? 100 An AED has advised that a shock should be given.Which of the following is appropriate? Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim. You are about to apply AED pads to a victim’s chestwhen you notice that the victim has several bodypiercings with jewelry on his chest. Which of thefollowing should you do? Apply the pads to the chest, making sure toavoid the jewelry. The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations intwo-rescuer CPR for an infant is: 15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations. You are positioned above the child’s head and are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask, which of the followingshould you do next? Seal the mask. You are providing care to a patron who startedchoking on some food. The victim becomesunconscious. Which of the following should youdo first? Lower the victim carefully to the ground andopen his airway. Where should you place your hands when givingchest compressions to an infant during CPR? One hand on the forehead and one hand onthe chest When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult, where should you position your fist? On the rib cage When providing care to a conscious infantwho is choking, which of the following ismost appropriate? Positioning the infant so the head is lower thanthe chest A person has been injured and is conscious.You should: Obtain consent, check the victim forlife-threatening conditions and speak withthe victim to find out what happened. The purpose of the secondary assessment is to: Identify and care for conditions that are notlife threatening. An injured patron is conscious and bleedingseverely. After summoning EMS personnel,obtaining consent and putting on disposablegloves, what is your next care step? Press firmly against the wound with a steriledressing and bandage. A way to remember the questions to ask whentaking a brief history is to use the acronymSAMPLE. What does the A in SAMPLE stand for? Allergies What is the first step you should take in caring for a victim with burns? Remove the victim from the source ofthe burn. If a victim is having a seizure in the water: Support the victim with his or her head abovewater until the seizure ends. During a swim meet, the bleachers behind yourguard station suddenly collapse. As you checkthe scene, you notice several people who appearinjured. Who should you approach first? A man who appears unconscious. When caring for musculoskeletal injuries, whatdoes RICE stand for? Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate Signs and symptoms of sudden illness donot include: Bruising or rigidness of the abdomen. What does the C stand for in LOC? Consciousness. You notice a patron that is swimming laps whosuddenly slips under water without a struggle and does not resurface. This person is probably: A passive victim who needs help. Primary responsibilities of a lifeguard include: Inspecting the pool and rescue equipmentbefore the facility opens and paying closeattention to patrons in the water by activelyscanning the assigned area. b. Move the victim directly onto a backboard. A man is unexpectedly pushed from behind and falls from the deck into the water and is in distress. After you activate the emergency action plan (EAP), what are included in your next steps. Extend a rescue tube to him while remainingon deck, then provide any additional care. Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a lifeguard? Enforcing facility rules and regulations andeducating patrons about them For a head, neck or spinal injury in deep water: Minimize movement of the victim’s head andneck using the head splint technique. While scanning your zone, you notice a personmotionless in the water. The steps you followin a water emergency are performed in thefollowing order: Activate the EAP, enter the water, perform anappropriate rescue, move the victim to a safeexit point, remove the victim from the waterand provide emergency care as needed. While scanning the pool, you witness a patronstruggling while swimming and then go underwater. Which of the following applies? You have duty to act and perform theappropriate rescue. A lifeguard can no longer see some of the patrons at one side of the swimming area from his station because of glare from the afternoon sun. To maintain effective patron surveillance, the lifeguard should: Adjust his position slightly to remove the glarespot from his surveillance area. A patron starts running on the deck. You blow your whistle to get her attention. Next, you enforce the rules and regulations by: Telling her she could slip or fall and she mustwalk on the deck. When caring for a suspected head, neck orspinal injury in water, proper manual in-linestabilization is: Provided using the head splint technique. Working with other lifeguards, facility staff andsupervisors as a team is: One of the primary responsibilities ofa lifeguard. You are a lifeguard on surveillance duty during abusy family swim session. It is important to: Scan all areas in your assigned zone ofcoverage and carry your rescue tube with youat all times. A head, neck or spinal injury rarely happens: In deep water at a supervised facility. Which of the following is true about accidentalfecal releases (AFRs)? Require water treatment, temporary poolclosure and immediate lifeguard attention. You are lifeguarding during a family swim session when you notice a swimmer swimming full lengths of the pool under water. What should you do? Immediately stop him from continuing theactivity and explain the dangers of the activity. After removing a conscious victim you suspect has a spinal injury from the water, you should do all the following except: Dry the victim off and apply the pads ofan AED. Two lifeguards are on surveillance duty during a public swim. You are on a break. One lifeguard activates the facility’s EAP for a submerged passive victim and enters the water. Which steps should you take next to assist in the rescue? Bring the backboard to the lifeguard and assistin removing the victim from the water as theother lifeguard clears the pool. A lifeguard keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water. He is demonstrating: Effective scanning. A mother and her son walk over to you; she states that he fell on the pool deck and hit his head. You notice he has blood and fluid running from his ear and he is feeling dizzy. What steps should you take next? Provide manual stabilization while the otherlifeguards prepare to backboard him. The lifeguard supervisor expects the pool to bevery busy in the afternoon. For effective patronsurveillance, she sets up multiple lifeguard stations to reduce the number of patrons watched by each lifeguard. This type of coverage is called: Zone coverage. To effectively scan, you must: Move your head and eyes as you scan to lookdirectly at each area rather than staring in afixed direction. When providing care to a conscious person yoususpect of having a head, neck or spinal injury and who was injured from a fall on the pool deck: You do not move the victim unless the scenebecomes unsafe. A woman collides with another swimmer whilediving into the pool and asks the lifeguard forhelp. Without doing an assessment, the lifeguard tells the woman she can continue swimming. The woman leaves the facility and seeks medical attention from a hospital after she begins to feel tingling sensations in her arms and legs. The lifeguard may be: Negligent. During a weather-related power failure at a facility, you should: Clear everyone from the pool. During in-service training, lifeguards practicethe steps of recognizing a distressed swimmer,rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with witnesses. The lifeguards are practicing parts of a(n): Emergency action plan. You enter the mechanical room and find amaintenance worker lying on his back on thefloor next to a ladder. You check the scene anddetermine it is safe to enter. During your primary assessment, you find the victim is unconscious but breathing. You must leave to get help, what shouldyou do? Move him into the H.A.IN.E.S. position. Which of the following is true if the manager ofthe facility has assigned you as the only lifeguard conducting patron surveillance? You have been assigned to total coverage. Which of the following pieces of equipment need to be easily accessible for emergency use: Backboard, AED A technique to minimize movement for a victimwith a suspected head, neck or spinal injury who is face-down, at the surface and in water less than 3 feet deep is the: Head splint technique. If three lifeguards are on duty, emergency back-up coverage takes place: When a lifeguard enters the water for a rescue. Which of the following is the least important for a safe group visit to a pool? Ensuring there are multiple activities plannedfor the group While caring for someone with a suspected spinal injury, you secure the straps on a backboard in the following order: Upper chest, hips, thighs It is the primary responsibility of facilitymanagement to provide all but which ofthe following? Educating patrons about and enforcingfacility rules The hazard communication standard includeshaving MSDS information available. What isincluded in this information? Contains information about what type ofchemicals are in use at the facility A patron dives into the shallow end of the lap pool. You suspect she has a head, neck or spinal injury because she has: Blood in the ears and nose. what is the primary responsibility of a lifeguard to prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at their aquatic facility provide three examples of how lifeguards fulfill their primary responsibility monitoring activities in and out of the water2. eliminating hazardous situations/behaviors3. recognizing and responding to all emergencies list five examples of secondary responsibilities that should never interfere with patron surveillance completing records and reports2. pool maintenance3. giving swim tests4. giving swim lessons5. testing pool water/chlorine levels list five characteristics of a professional lifeguard reliable2. mature3. courteous4. positive5. knowledgeable lifeguards should:a. keep a cell phone in their hip packs at all times, in case of an emergencyb. stay alert by eating at the lifeguard standc. always be attentive and sit or stand upright while on dutyd. assist patrons with swim testing when on duty C a lifeguard is texting while on duty and fails to recognize a swimmer in distress. What legal principle could be a problem for this lifeguard? negligence list the five steps that a lifeguard should take when obtaining consent from an injured or ill person before providing first aid or emergency care: state your name2. state your level of training3. ask if you can help4. explain that you’d like to help them5. explain what you plan to do why is it important to attend a pre-season orientation and training?a. to ensure that lifeguards understand their responsibilities and know how to perform their jobb. to ensure that lifeguards get practice with their facility’s safety and rescue equipment and EAPc. to ensure lifeguards understand codes, rules and regulations of the facilityd. all of the above D what does EAP stand for? Emergency Action Plan why is it important for lifeguards and other team members to understand and practice the EAP? because everyone needs to know their responsibility and how to perform it effectively what is the best practice for the frequency of in-service training participation at well-managed aquatic facilities? at least 4 hours of in-service training each month what does FIND stand for? F – figure out the problemI – identify possible solutionsN – name the pros + cons for each solutionD – decide which solution is best than act on it what items are considered to be personal protective equipment for a lifeguard? – gloves– gowns– protective eyewear– resuscitation mask what equipment should be worn or carried by a lifeguard at all times while on duty? List 2 and include reasons why. 1) rescue tube – can keep multiple victims afloat2) hip-pack with gloves and resuscitation mask – needs to be instantly available incase of an emergency what safety equipment/items should be easily accessible for a lifeguard? list at least 2 and describe how/when each item is used. 1) backboard – removes victim from water when they can’t do it themselves2) AED – helps heart reestablish an affective rhythm As a lifeguard you are responsible for: consistently enforcing your facility’s rules and regulations list 5 common rules often posted at an aquatic facility. swim only when lifeguard is on duty2. no swimming with open or infected wounds3. no running, pushing, or rough play4. obey lifeguard instruction5. dive only in designated areas explain what it means to be “equipped and rescue-ready” equipped and rescue-ready means that you are wearing or carrying the appropriate rescue equipment and ready to enter water for rescue active victim front rescue approach the victim from the front2. grab rescue tube from under your arms and push the tube in front of you3. thrust rescue tube slightly under water and into the victim’s chest4. keep kicking with your arms fully extended in general there are three types of swimmer in distress or drowning victims. list each type with three observable characteristics for each. Distress swimmer:– head above water– floating or treading water– trying to support self by holding or clinging to a lane line or safety lineDrowning victim – active:– tilted head back with face looking up– struggling to keep or get the head above the surface of the water– no forward progressDrowning victim – passive:– Face up or facedown in the water or submerged– not breathing[Limp floating at the surface or sinking/submerged at the bottom roving stations good to use with a crowded zone elevated stations ideal for a single-guard facility ground-level stations puts you close to the patrons to easily make assists floating stations used in waterfront facilities to patrol the outer edge of a swimming area a lifeguard on duty should be able to recognize and reach a drowning victim within… 30 seconds the size of a zone should allow for a lifeguard to recognize an emergency, reach the victim, extricate and provide ventilations within _______. Explain why. 1.5 – 2 minutesto ensure you can get there quickly enough to save them what is the difference between total and zone coverage total coverage: you are the only lifeguard conducting surveillancezone coverage: the swimming area is divided into separate zones with one zone for each lifeguard station lifeguards should be actively _____ their zones. Why? searching – to make sure they don’t miss anything that’s happening like someone drowning or in distress you are guarding a lap swim with only two patrons. All of the following will help you deal with monotony EXCEPT for which?a. stay fully engaged and do not let attention driftb. change body position and posture periodicallyc. swing whistle lanyardd. sit upright and slightly forward C The glare of the lights on the water and the water movements are making it hard to see all areas of your zone. Circle all acceptable options.A. Wear polarized sunglasses.B. Adjust your body position; stand up to look around and through the glare spots.C. Reposition the lifeguard station with the permission of your supervisorD. Be aware of the normal appearance of the bottom of the pool; know the appearance of drains, colored tiles or painted depth markingsE. Do not change your position as a lifeguard stations are placed to be aesthetically pleasing A, B, C, D it is very hot in your facility and you are starting to doze on the stand. All of the following can help you stay alert except for which?a. stay in a cooler area during breaksb. stay hydrated while drinking plenty of waterc. rotate more frequentlyd. jump in the pool while on surveillance duty to cool off D why is it important for lifeguard managers to conduct drills to test zones? to make sure they’re appropriate for adequate patron surveillance and response time to victims in water rapid, deep breathing, is a dangerous technique used by some swimmers to try to swim long distances underwater or to hold their breath for an extended period while submerged in one place hyperventilating RID stands for: R – recognition (a swimmer in a distress or a person who is drowning)I – intrusion (don’t let secondary duties get in the way or your main job)D – distraction (don’t let other people distract you from your job) active victim rear rescue approach from behind2. reach under the victim’s armpits and grasp shoulders firmly. tell victim you are there to help and reassure them.3. squeeze rescue tube between your chest and the victim’s back4. lean back and pull victim onto the tube passive victim front rescue reach right arm out toward the victims right arm and grab the victims wrist while grabbing the rescue tube with your other hand2. pull and twist the arm toward your opposite shoulder to turn victim onto their back3. as you pull and twist, thrust the rescue tube under their back as they turn over4. place tube below their shoulders5. reach one arm over the victim’s shoulder and grasp the rescue tube passive victim rear rescue with both arms, reach under the victim’s armpits and grasp shoulders firmly.3. squeeze the rescue tube between your chest and the victim’s back4. roll the victim over by dipping your shoulder and rolling onto your back5. reach one arm over the victim’s shoulder and grasp the rescue tube submerged victim in shallow water reach down to grab the victim under the armpits2. roll victim face-up when they reach the surface3. keep holding onto victim’s arms and position rescue tube under victim’s shoulders(do same thing for victim at or near surface in shallow water) multiple victim rescue approach victim (that’s underwater) from behind2. do active victim rear rescue3. support both victims until other lifeguards arrive slide in entry Used in shallow waterCrowded poolsWhen a victim is suspected to have a head, neck or spinal injury stride jump Use the stride jump only if they water is at least 5 feet deep and you are no more than 3 feet above the water compact jump Use to enter water from the deck or when you are more than 3 feet above the water such as on a lifeguard stand) and water must be at least 5 feet deep. run and swim entry To enter the water from a wave pool or shoreline list the three major strategies a lifeguard can use to help prevent injuries at an acqatic facility inform and educate patrons2. enforce rules3. use and read nonverbal communication list three things that can help determine if a life jacket is appropriate for use U.S. coastguard approved2. no shrinkage of bouyant material3. buckles and straps in good working condition4. no rips, tears, or holes many facilities have unique challenges that demand different kinds of surveillance. For each situation listed below, list 2 guidelines you should keep in mind when providing surveillance for patrons1. guarding areas for young children2. play structures guarding young children:1. watch for children becoming too hot or cold2. toddlers may fall and not be able to right themselves in shallow waterplay structures:1. do not allow patrons to swim underneath structures2. pay close attention to moving water as it can take people by surprise identify three strategies for ensuring safe group visits classification of swimming abilities (swim test)2. safety orientation3. identification of group leaders/chaperones why is it important to educate your patrons about safety in, on, and around the water to keep them safe and make sure they know the facility policies describe the swim test steps: enter the water and completely submerge2. return to the surface and remain there for at least 1 minute3. rotate 360 degree and orient towards the exit4. swim on front or back for at least 25 yards5. exit water why should an EAP be facility specific – different layouts– different EMS response times– different emergencies require different responses provide three examples of situation-based EAPs land emergency – injury or illness2. water emergency – drowning victim – passive3. water emergency – drowning victim – active place the following EAP actions in order for a situation where the victim is responsive and doesn’t require additional care: Rescue Equipment check/corrective action signal return to duty report, advise, release signal rescue report, advise, release equipment check/corrective action return to duty what should other lifeguards do during a rescue where the victim is unresponsive and requires addtional care back-up surviellance water or land rescues and provide emergency care clear area what should additional safety team members do during a rescue where the victim is unresponsive and requires addtional care clear the zone summon EMS personnel bringing additional equipment controlling the crowd meeting EMS personnel when completing a report, you should: collect only factual information about what seen, heard, and done who should deal with questions from the media after an incident? the facility manager and company spokesperson why might a supervisor chose not to re-open a facility that was closed during an emergency – contaminated surfaces (blood) – missing or damaged equipment (EMS takes backboard) members of the safety team, including non-lifeguard personnel, should be: trained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team after an emergency has been resolved, there are still three important tasks to complete. explain them. *Report:* the person who made the rescue must complete the form recording only factual information of what was seen, heard, or done *Advise:* safety instructions to prevent similar incident from recurring, recommend that they go to the doctor *Release:* victim may be released after emergency care is provided or release care to EMS personnel describe three places emergencies could occur besides the pool and the pool deck – locker room– parking lot– playground touching soiled dressings that are contaminated with potentially infectious material is an example of:a. indirect contactb. direct contactc. droplet contactd. vector-borne contact a examples of work practice controls (methods of working that reduce likely hood of an exposure)a. disposing of sharp items in a puncture resistant, leak-proof, labeled containerb. removal and proper disposal of soiled protective clothing as soon as possiblec. cleaning/disinfecting all equipment and work surfaces possibly soiled by blood or other potentially infectious materiald. all of the above d the OSHA recommened solution to use for disinfecting contaminated or soiled equipment and surfaces is:a. 4 cups of bleach per gallon of waterb. 1 cup of ammonia per gallon of waterc. 1/4 cup of antibacterial soap per gallon of waterd. 1 part bleach per 9 parts of water D describe six actions you should take or determinations that you should make while performing a scene size-up check for hazards that could present a danger to you or the victim2. use appropriate PPE3. determine number of injured or ill victims4. determine nature of illness or what caused injury5. form an initial impression like whether or not it’s life-threatening6. determine what additional resources may be needed place the following general procedures for injury or sudden illness on land in order: perform a primary assessment provide care for conditions found summon EMS, if needed and not already done size up the scene report, advise, and release perform a secondary assessment Check Out Our Premium Cat Food Healthy Foods That Enriches & Lengthens the Special Relationship You Have With Your Cat. > size up the scene perform a primary assessment summon EMS, if needed and not already done perform a secondary assessment provide care for conditions found report, advise, and release when should you move a victim who is on land – faced with immediate danger– need to get other victims who have more serious injuries or illnesses– it is necessary in order to provide appropriate care When should you call first vs. care first when you are ALONE *call first:*– patron 12 years or older is unresponsive– child or infant suddenly collapses– unresponsive child or infant known to have heart problems(call first mainly during cardiac situations)*care first:*– unresponsive child or infant you did not see collapse– victim suspected of drowning(breathing emergencies) how do you tell the difference between an adult, child, and infant? adult: 12 years or olderchild: 1 – onset of puberty (breast growth or underarm hair)infant: under the age of 1 year during primary assessment, you find the victim is not breathing and has no pulse. would you give two ventilations before starting CPR? normally start CPR with chest compressions unless it is a drowning situation which then you should start by giving two ventilations if the victim is not breathing but has a pulse give ventilations. How do you give ventilations for adult, child, infant? adult: 1 ventilation every 5-6 secondschild and infant: 1 ventilation every 3 seconds if the victim id not breathing and has no pulse, what should you do? begin CPR starting with compressions (unless it was a drowning emergency) describe the two types of respiratory emergencies:1. respiratory distress2. respiratory arrest distress – breathing becomes difficultarrest – breathing stops list 5 possible causes of respiratory distress partially obstructed airway2. illness3. heart attack4. allergic reactions5. overdose when caring for a person in respiratory distress:A. Ask the victim to stand and lean back to make breathing easier.B. Determine the exact cause of respiratory distress before providing initial care.C. Do not allow the victim to take their prescribed medication.D. Maintain an open airway and summon EMS personnel. D list 5 possible causes of respiratory arrest drowning2. obstructed airway (choking)3. heart attack4. shock5. emotional distress When checking to see if someone is breathing (pick all that apply)A. Look to see if the victims chest clearly rises and falls.B. Check for breathing before checking for a pulse.C. Check for breathing and a pulse simultaneously.D. Look away from the victims chest.E. Keep the victims mouth closed.F. Listen and feel for air against the side of your face. A, C, F the normal breathing rate for an adult is between ____ and ____ breaths per minute 12 and 20 what is a lifeguard’s objective when caring for a drowning victim who is not breathing? get their face and mouth out of the water and begin giving ventilations what should you do if you are giving ventilations and the victim’s chest does not rise after the first breath re-tilt head and try again. if it’s not successful move to compressions All of the following describe appropriate care for a conscious person with an airway obstruction except:A. Check the victim for breathing and a pulse for no more than 10 secondsB. Perform a combination of five back blows performed by five abdominal thrustsC. Obtain consent; if the victim is a child get consent from a parent or guardianD. If the victim cannot cough speak or breathe activate the EAP and have someone summon EMS A if a conscious choking victim becomes unresponsive, what should you do? – lay them down on a flat surface– begin CPR starting with compressions– after each set of compressions look in mouth for object before starting ventilations describe the five links in the Cardiac chain of survival for adults -recognize emergency and call 911-early CPR-early defibrillation-advanced life support-integrated post-cardiac arrest care How much does the victim’s chance of survival decrease each minute? 10% What is the pediatric cardiac chain of survival? injury prevention and safety2. early CPR3. early emergency care4. pediatric advanced life support5. integrated post-cardiac arrest care what should you do if you think someone is having a heart attack – summon EMS personnel– have victim stop activity and rest in comfortable position– loosen tight clothing– closely monitor victim until EMS arrives– comfort victim– be prepared for CPR and use of AED signs of cardiac arrest include:a. sudden collapseb. vomitingc. no pulsed. unresponsivenesse. rapid pulse A, C, D what is the objective of CPR? to perform a combination of effective chest compressions and ventilations to circulate blood that contains oxygen to the victim’s brain and other vital organs compressions given at the correct rate are at least ___ per minute to a maximum of ___ per minute 100, 120 what is the appropriate compression depth when providing CPR on an adult at least 2 inches but no more than 2.4 inches when providing two rescuer CPR, when should rescuers change positions?a. at least every 2 minutesb. after 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 ventilationsc. during the analysis of the AEDd. all of the above D you arrive on the scene when another lifeguard is performing CPR, what should you do first? ask if EMS was summoned. if not, call 911 two-rescuer CPR modifications for infants:compression:ventilation ratioandcompression technique compression to ventilation ratio:15:2compression technique:encircling thumbs technique three examples why a lifeguard could or should stop CPR: obvious sign of life2. AED is ready to analyze3. scene becomes unsafe4. EMS takes over True r False: it is not appropriate to use an AED on a victim who is pregnant. why? False – fetus has best chance of survival if mother survives. Use AED same way you would normally compression depth for child about 2 inches compression depth for infant 1.5 inches CPR cycles for one rescuer 30:2 (30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations) CPR cycles for two rescuers adult: 30:2child and infant: 15:2 how long should you give ventilations for before you reassess for breathing and pulse 2 minutes list the general procedures in order for situations involving a water rescue activate the EAP2. enter the water if necessary3. perform an appropriate rescue4. move the victim to a safe exit point5. remove the victim from the water6. provide emergency care as needed7. report, advise, release what are some factors that should be considered when deciding how to enter the water?a. location of the victimb. location of other swimmersc. size of the victimd. condition of the victime. water temperaturef. your locationg. facility design/set-uph. type of equipment used A, B, D, F, G, H what are the two most common assists and when should each be used? simple assist – used in shallow water to help a person stand or rescue a submerged victim in shallow water that is within reach reaching assist – assist a distressed swimmer who is close to the side of the pool or a pier (extend tube out to them) You are approaching a victim who is vertical in the water, near the surface in 4 feetof water. The victim is facing you and appears to be unconscious. Which rescue should you use? passive victim front rescue You are approaching a child who is facing away from you and struggling to keeptheir head above water. active victim rear rescue You are approaching a victim from behind who appears to be unconscious passive victim rear rescue followed by extrication using backboard a victim in the water is not breathing. what should you do? remove victim from water as soon as possible / if doing so will delay care, provide in-water ventilations what are four core objectives in any rescue situation ensure the safety of the victim, yourself and others in the vicinity. This includes the entry, approach, rescue, removal and care provided use a rescue technique that is appropriate and effective for the situation provide an appropriate assessment, always treating life-threatening conditions first handle the rescue with a sense of urgency when completing a secondary assessment, lifeguards use SAMPLE to gather a brief history of the responsive victim. What does the mnemonic SAMPLE stand for? S – signs and symptomsA – allergiesM – medicationsP – pertinent past medical historyL – last oral intakeE – events leading up to the incident list five symptoms of sudden illnesses nausea or vomiting2. sweating3. severe headache4. changes in skin color5. difficulty speaking or slurred speech list the general precautions for injury or sudden illness on land care for any life-threatening conditions monitor their condition and watch for changes in LOC keep the victim comfortable and reassure them keep victim from getting chilled or overheated don’t give them anything to eat or drink, unless the victim is awake, able to swallow and follow simple commands and intake is indicated based on the treatment recommendations care for any other problems that develop how should you provide care for a victim experiencing a diabetic emergency if the person is awake and can safely swallow and follow simple commands, give them sugar (glucose tablets – 15 to 20 grams).if not available 15 to 20 grams of sugar can be given from several sources including glucose – candies, jelly beans, orange juice, or whole milk when should you summon EMS personnel for a victim of a diabetic emergency. Provide 2 examples – the person is unresponsive– the person is responsive but not fully awake and is unable to swallow– the person does not feel better within 10 – 15 minutes after taking sugar, or they get worse– a form of sugar cannot be found immediately list three reasons why you should summon EMS personnel for a victim who is having, or had a seizure – seizure occurs in the water– seizure lasts more than 5 minutes– cause of seizure is unknown place the following response and care steps in order for a rescuing a patron in the water having a seizure remove the person from the water perform a primary assessment support the person with their head above water until the seizure ends summon EMS personnel if breathing normally, position the victim on their side and monitor airway and breathing summon EMS personnel support the person with their head above water until the seizure ends remove the person from the water perform a primary assessment if breathing normally, position the victim on their side and monitor airway and breathing you are conducting a secondary assessment on an adult patron who lost their balance on the pool deck. the patron is slurring his speech while explaining that his arm is feeling numb. what sudden illness could this patron be experiencinga. cardiac arrestb. diabetic emergencyc. seizured. stroke D What does FAST stand for? when would you use it? F = face – weakness on one side of the faceA = arm – weakness or numbness in one armS = speech – slurred speech or trouble speakingT = time – summon EMS personnel if any of these signs or symptoms are seen what are a lifeguard’s objectives while waiting for EMS personnel to arrive Care for any life-threatening conditions first2. Help the victim rest in a comfortable position and reassure them3. Monitor the victim’s condition, and watch for any changes in LOC4. Keep the victim from getting chilled5. Care for other problems that develop, such as vomiting the following are signs and symptoms of shock, EXCLUDINGa. altered level of consciousnessb. warm or dry skinc. restlessness or irritabilityd. nausea or vomiting B fill in the blank – ______________ is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s systems are overwhelmed by heat and stop functioning. list three signs and symptoms of the condition described above. heat stroke—1. Changes in LOC2. Skin that is hot to the touch3. Skin that is wet or dry or appears red or pale4. Vision disturbances Head, neck or spinal injuries often are caused by high-impact/high-risk activities. What are examples of those activities in an aquatic environment? – entering head-first into shallow water– falling from greater than standing height– entering the water from a height, such as a diving board, water slide, embankment, cliff, or tower– receiving a blow to the head– colliding with another swimmer General rescue procedures for caring for a head, neck, or spinal injury in the water in order: check for responsiveness and breathing activate the EAP perform a rescue providing manual in-line stabilization re-assess the victim’s condition and provide appropriate care safely enter the water remove the victim from the water using appropriate spinal back boarding procedure activate the EAP safely enter the water perform a rescue providing manual in-line stabilization check for responsiveness and breathing remove the victim from the water using appropriate spinal back boarding procedure re-assess the victim’s condition and provide appropriate care the ____________ technique is used for performing manual in-line stabilization for victims in the water head splint backboards are a standard piece of rescue equipment used at aquatic facilities for immobilizing and removing the victim from the water. Backboards work best when they are equipped with: – a chest strap to secure the victim onto the board– a head immobilizer device that can be attached to the top, or head-end , of the board you enter the water to rescue a victim with a suspected spinal injury. You determine that the victim is not breathing. What should you do next? remove the victim from the water using the passive victim extrication technique remove the victim from the water using the spinal back boarding procedure remove the victim from the water using a modified spinal back boarding procedure delay removal from the water and provide 2 minutes of in-water ventilations A the following statements describe appropriate rescue techniques for a victim with a suspected spinal injury, EXCEPT: if the victim is in shallow water, you do not need to use a rescue tube to support yourself if the victim is in shallow water, you should not use the rescue tube when submerging and bringing the victim to the surface if the victim is small and is in shallow water, you do not need to use a backboard to extricate the victim if the victim is at the surface in deep water, you may need a rescue tube to support yourself and the victim c when rescuing a victim of a suspected head, neck or spinal injury using the spinal back boarding procedure , communication with the victim is important. what should lifeguards tell the victim? – let the victim know what you are doing and reassure them– tell the victim not to nod or shake their head but instead answer with “Yes” or “No” describe four ways that additional lifeguards can help during spinal back boarding and extrication from the water – helping to submerge, position and stabilize the backboard from the deck– supporting the in-water rescuer in deep water– communicating and reassuring the victim– removing the backboard from the water © 2023-2024 www.fematestanswer.com. 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