3D Printed Fibrocaseous Tuberculosis

3D Printed Fibrocaseous Tuberculosis Clinical HistoryA 89-year old male presents with an episode of large haemoptysis. He has a history of diabetes and immunosuppression secondary to steroid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Further history reveals a long history of cough, haemoptysis, fevers and weight loss. On examination, he is noted to be cachexic, hypoxic and have crepitations throughout the left lung. Chest x-ray shows multiple cavitation lesions in the left lung. Subsequently, he has another massive haemoptysis and dies. PathologyThe left lung is cut longitudinally to display the cut surface. The upper lobe is almost entirely replaced by several large irregular cavities lined by necrotic debris and fibrous tissue. Blood vessels are seen in the upper cavity with evidence of haemorrhage. The lower lobe contains several smaller caseous areas, some of which are breaking down. The intervening lung parenchyma is scarred. The pleura is thickened. This is