
3D Printed Pyonephrosis
3D Printed Pyonephrosis Clinical History A 38-year old female presents with severe nausea, vomiting, fevers and rigors. She has a history of recurrent urinary tract infection over the past 6 months. She has required several courses of oral antibiotics, and one admission for IV antibiotics. Blood tests show raised inflammatory markers. Urinalysis is positive for white blood cells (WBC). A CT scan shows unilateral left hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. She fails to respond to conservative treatment, and undergoes a nephrectomy. She makes a complete recovery. PathologyThis is the patient’s left nephrectomy specimen. The kidney has been sliced to display the cut surface. The pelvis and calyces are greatly dilated, and contain remnants of yellow pus. There is considerable fibrosis of the renal parenchyma. In the mid-zone near the lateral border, there is a hemorrhagic necrotic area 35 x 12 mm in diameter containing pus. There are two similar small hemorrhagic ne