Faith and Divine Providence

A Guide To Hashgachah:Understanding God'sSupervision of the WorldHow does God supervise the world? Whatis the difference in His providence overthe righteous and regular people, betweenJew and gentile, in the Land of Israel and inthe Diaspora? What is our obligation in termsof bitachon (trusting God) and hishtadlus(exerting effort)? Rabbi Chaim Friedlanderzt"l, famed Mashgiach of Ponovezh Yeshiva,answers these and other vital questions,defining and explaining concepts such ashashgachah pratis and hashgachah klalis(specific and general providence), keli("vessel" or "tool" whose task is to assistothers who are more righteous), he'araspanim and hester panim (God's revealed andhidden supervision), and mazal (the mediumthrough which Hashem's influence flows). Faith and Divine Providence provides thefoundation needed to grasp these conceptsand their intricacies. The interlocking patternof God's guidance is identified and examined,enabling the reader to marvel at Hashem'somniscience and perfe