Berberin ES

Berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from several different plant species customarily used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for various therapeutic applications. Modern clinical use and published in vivo, in vitro, and animal research studiesdemonstrate that the berberine metabolite dihydroberberine (DHB) is more bioavailable than berberine and offers enhanced support for healthy blood glucose metabolism. Although the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of berberine are not entirely clear, it is hypothesized that the modulation of gut microbes may be one mechanism by which berberine affects blood glucose metabolism. Results from animal and invitro studies suggest that berberine moderates glucose and lipid metabolism through a multi-pathway mechanism, including the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor (PPAR)-alpha pathways. Separate research on AMPK reports activating t