A Persian Gold Lion Head Pendant, Achaemenid Period, ca. 6th - 4th century BCE

Interactions with animals shaped the world of the ancient Near East, resulting in some of the most vivid images of animals found anywhere. Regularly used to express authority, imitation through adornment or rhetoric allowed the power of an animal to be appropriated. Kings described themselves as lions, having taken on the mantle of the animal’s power by defeating it in combat. Lion hunts were specifically restricted to royalty, and the motif of the lion hunt is among the earliest imagery affiliated with leadership. The supernatural and protective powers of the lion are powerfully portrayed in this fine, double-sided pendant. Here, a repoussé lion head of high karat sheet gold shows a fierce, expressive face with wide almond-shaped eyes, mouth slightly open mouth, with tongue extended, and detailing of fur around the head and mane. Its strength and ferocity symbolize the powers of Ishtar, the Mesopotamian goddess of sexual love and war. Medium: Gold Dimensions: Pendant height: 5/8 inch