1856 Physical Chart of the Atlantic Ocean

This is A.K. Johnston's highly detailed Physical Chart of the Atlantic Ocean. The map was published in the 2nd edition of Johnston's Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena, out of Edinburgh by William Blackwood & Sons in 1856. Sea charts had been drawn by cartographers for centuries, but this chart by Johnston is much more than a sea chart, for it provides information which new technology was able to gather. Some of the information provided by the map includes the velocity of currents in the Atlantic, the velocity of the Gulf Stream for each month of the year, currents of the SW region of the South Atlantic including Cape Horn. The chart also depicts a portion of the Mozambique Channel and a southern region of the Pacific. Navigation and trade routes are shown and a highly detailed legend in the upper right facilitates reading of the chart. Alexander Keith Johnston's Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena was amongst the most comprehensive geographic works of its time to focus on natural