3D Printed Calcified Aortic Valvular Stenosis Biscuspid Valve

3D Printed Calcified Aortic Valvular Stenosis Biscuspid Valve Clinical HistoryThere is no clinical history for this specimen. PathologyThe specimen is partial horizontal 1.5cm slice through the plane of the left atrium whose smooth internal lining together with the left auricular appendage and part of the left ventricle are visible on the inferior aspect. On the superior aspect the pulmonary trunk (and part of the pulmonary tricuspid valve) and aorta, including the affected abnormal bicuspid valve, are clearly discernible. Calcified aggregations or thickenings on the opposing margins of the valve can be seen from this upper perspective. There is also a region of calcification on one of the cusps of the pulmonary valves. Further informationBicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital abnormality that is often not detected into adulthood. Indeed, it is the most common congenital anomaly of the heart. Aortic valve stenosis can range from mild to severe, and si